非活动性结核性胸膜炎与活动性结核性胸膜炎的CT扫描影像特征分析

目的: 探讨非活动性结核性胸膜炎与活动性结核性胸膜炎CT扫描影像表现。方法: 对2012年6月1日至2021年3月30日在首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院就诊的单纯非活动性结核性胸膜炎患者68例和同期活动性结核性胸膜炎44例的CT扫描影像表现进行比较。结果: (1) 68例非活动性结核性胸膜炎患者 CT扫描影像表现中胸膜粘连62例(91.2%),胸膜有钙化者28例(41.2%),叶间裂受累22例(32.4%),胸腔积液12例(17.6%),包裹性胸腔积液8例(11.8%)。(2)44例活动性结核性胸膜炎患者CT扫描影像表现中胸膜粘连30例(68.2%),未见胸膜钙化,叶间裂受累32例(72.7%),胸腔积液43例(97.7%),包裹性胸腔积液26例(59.1%)。(3)非活动性与活动性结核性胸膜炎CT扫描影像比较:胸膜粘连、胸膜钙化发生率高,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=9.630,P=0.002;χ²=23.737,P=0.000);叶间裂受累、胸腔积液、包裹性胸腔积液的发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=12.692,P=0.000;χ²=68.548,P=0.000;χ²=28.301,P=0.000)。结论: 非活动性结核性胸膜炎的CT扫描影像与活动性结核性胸膜炎比较胸膜粘连、胸膜钙化的发生率高,胸腔积液、包裹性胸腔积液、叶间裂受累的发生率低。识别非活动性和活动性结核性胸膜炎的CT扫描影像特点,对患者临床治疗有指导意义。     

心房颤动脑栓塞后短期内并发肠系膜上动脉栓塞及肝门静脉积气一例

非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)所致的脑栓塞是缺血性卒中最为常见的类型之一,且短期内栓塞复发风险较高,病情容易进展,尤其是抗凝药物应用不当时。复发性栓塞多以脑栓塞为主,肠系膜上动脉栓塞(superior mesenteric artery embolism,SMAE)少见。SMAE是严重的急腹症,病情凶险,当其进展为严重的缺血坏死性肠病并发罕见的肝门静脉积气(hepatic portal vein gas,HPVG)时往往预后极差,病死率很高。以往SMAE的影像诊断主要依靠腹部增强CT显示肠系膜上动脉充盈缺损来诊断,但对于碘对比剂禁忌者,非对比增强CT上出现的肠系膜上动脉内的“动脉致密征”也是一个有重要价值的诊断征象,以往罕见报道。现本文结合文献,报道1例经非对比剂增强腹部CT确诊的非瓣膜性房颤性卒中患者短期内并发急性SMAE并继发HPVG的罕见致死性案例。     

补阳还五汤对气虚血瘀型脑梗死患者脑血管储备功能的影响

目的:采用经颅多普勒(TCD)结合屏气试验评价补阳还五汤对气虚血瘀型脑梗死患者脑血管储备功能的影响,并观察两组临床疗效和神经功能缺损评分。方法:将150例气虚血瘀型脑梗死患者随机分为2组,治疗组78例;对照组72例。两组均给予西医规范治疗,口服阿司匹林肠溶片,100 mg/次,1次/d,或口服硫酸氢氯吡格雷片,75 mg/次,1次/d;根据病情给予脱水降颅压,脑细胞保护药物,他汀类降脂治疗,调控血压、血糖及康复治疗。对照组在西医规范治疗基础上加三七通舒胶囊,0.2 g/次,3次/d。治疗组在西医规范治疗的基础上加用补阳还五汤,180 m L/次,2次/d。通过TCD结合屏气试验测定治疗前后脑血管储备功能(CVR),屏气指数(BMI)和平均血流速度(V_m)上升率。并观察两组临床疗效和神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分。结果:治疗组总有效率达到91%,对照组总有效率76.4%,治疗组优于对照组(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后7,14 d治疗组NIHSS评分明显降低(P0.05),治疗组低于对照组(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后14 d治疗组CVR,BMI,Vm上升率均明显提高(P0.05);治疗后14 d,治疗组CVR高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在西医常规治疗的基础上,补阳还五汤能改善气虚血瘀型脑梗死患者的脑血管储备功能,改善神经功能缺损,提高临床疗效。     

两种黏度骨水泥对老年重度胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者PVP手术效果影响的对比研究

目的比较两种黏度骨水泥对老年重度胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)患者经皮椎体成形术(PVP)手术效果的影响。方法选取2017年5月至2019年4月于我院骨科择期行PVP治疗的老年重度胸腰段OVCF患者152例,利用随机数字表法分成观察组(n=76)及对照组(n=76)。所有对象均行PVP治疗,观察组于PVP术中采取高黏度骨水泥治疗,而对照组采用低黏度骨水泥治疗。汇总两组术后并发症的发生情况;并于术前及术后第1 d和第3、6个月时运用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价受试者当时主观疼痛的程度,使用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估被调查者运动功能的恢复情况;同时于术前及术后第3、6个月时采用双能X线骨密度仪检测病人腰椎骨密度(BMD)。结果两组疼痛VAS评分均随术后时间的延长而逐渐降低(P0.05),且两组术后第1 d和第3、6个月时疼痛VAS评分均较术前显著下降(P0.05)。两组疼痛VAS评分组间同时间点对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。随术后时间的延长,两组ODI评分均逐渐降低(P0.05);且两组术后第1 d和第3、6个月时ODI评分均显著低于术前(P0.05)。同时观察组术后第3、6个月时ODI评分则均显著低于对照组同期(P0.05)。随术后时间的延长,两组腰椎BMD均逐渐增加(P0.05),且两组术后第3、6个月时腰椎BMD均较术前显著增高(P0.05)。但术后同时间点,两组腰椎BMD比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后压疮、坠积性肺炎及肺栓塞的发生率对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);但观察组术后骨水泥渗漏率[5.26%(4/76)]显著低于对照组[19.74%(15/76),P0.05]。结论与低黏度骨水泥相比,将高黏度骨水泥应用于老年重度胸腰段OVCF病人PVP术中能显著降低患者术后骨水泥渗漏的发生风险。     

中西医结合治疗缺血性进展性卒中临床研究

目的:观察中西医结合治疗缺血性进展性卒中的临床疗效。方法:将220例进展性卒中患者分为中西医结合治疗组(观察组)与西医治疗组(对照组),每组110例。观察组在西医治疗的基础上根据中医辨证给予中药治疗,对照组给予西医治疗。结果:观察组愈显率92.7%,对照组愈显率81.8%。观察组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。观察组治疗后第7天、第14天、第21天NIHSS评分较治疗前均降低,观察组降低程度优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:缺血性进展性卒中在西医规范化治疗的基础上进行中医辨证治疗可明显提高临床疗效。     

临床药师在老年患者多学科诊疗模式中的作用

目的探讨临床药师在老年患者多学科诊疗模式中的作用。方法总结分析北京老年医院老年患者多学科诊疗模式中临床药师所做的工作。结果在老年患者的多学科诊疗模式中,临床药师的参与具有重要意义。结论通过参与老年患者多学科诊疗,充分发挥了临床药师在促进老年患者合理用药中的作用。     

Level of work stress and factors associated with bruxism in the military crew of the Peruvian Air Force

BackgroundMilitary life leads to a great personal sacrifice and labor in the aircrew because they are constantly subjected to innumerable activities which have a great work pressure; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level of work stress associated with bruxism in the aircrew of the Peruvian Air Force.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. A total of 204 crew members of the Peruvian Air Force from the Air Group were surveyed, and the stomatological clinical inspection was carried out. Each crew member was evaluated using the validated International Labor Organization-World Health Organization (ILO-WHO) Work Stress Scale, and clinical records were used to diagnose bruxism using the Smith and Knight wear index.ResultsIt was found that 93.7% (n = 191) of the crew members were men and 6.3% (n = 13) were women; and the percentage of intermediate-level stress was found to be high in the grade of non-commissioned officers, whereas in the officer grade, the level of stress was low. There was also a statistically significant association between the variables military grade, sex, and age group. The sub-officers presented a higher percentage in the category "with bruxism", while in the rank of officers the category of "non-bruxism" was the most prevalent.ConclusionsThis study showed a statistically significant association between the variable bruxism and the level of work stress between the military aviators of the Peruvian Air Force (p<0.001).     

Effect of Pre-Stretch on the Precipitation Behavior and the Mechanical Properties of 2219 Al Alloy

The influence of pre-stretch on the mechanical properties of 2219 Al alloys sheets were systematically investigated, with the aim of examining the age-strengthening in parts draw-formed from as-quenched sheets. The precipitation was characterized based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation of specimens of as-quenched and quenched-stretched condition to address the influence of pre-stretching. A tensile test was performed to evaluate the effect on mechanical properties. The introduction of pre-stretching endues increased yield strength (YS) and thus can be helpful to exert the potential of the alloy. Peak YS of 387.5 and 376.8 MPa are obtained when specimens pre-stretched for 10% are aged at 150 and 170 °C, respectively, much higher than that obtained in the non-stretched specimens (319.2 MPa). The precipitation of Guinier-Preston zone (G.P. zones) and the transition to θ″ shifts to a lower temperature when pre-stretched is performed. The high density of dislocations developed during the stretching contributes to the acceleration in precipitation. Quench-stretched specimens present a much quicker age-hardening response at the beginning stage, which endue higher peaked yield strength. The yield strength, however, decrease much more quickly due to the recovery that occurs during the aging processes. The study suggested the feasibility of aging draw-formed components of 2219 Al alloy to obtain high strength.     

The intracarotid etomidate Wada test: A 54-patient series

Hemispheric language dominance and isolated hemispheric memory function evaluation can be undertaken with the intracarotid injection of a general anesthetic agent (Wada test). Amobarbital has been traditionally used as the anesthetic agent, but legal and commercial constraints limit its use. We evaluated the use of etomidate as an alternative agent for the Wada test in a series of 54 consecutive adult patients with mesial temporal sclerosis undergoing presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Language lateralization and hemispheric memory function evaluation were successfully achieved in all cases. Side effects (somnolence, tremor, and dystonia) were infrequent, minor, and transient and did not require interruption of the procedure. Etomidate appears to be a safe and effective alternative agent to amobarbital in the Wada test. Similarly to the amobarbital Wada test, the ability of the etomidate Wada test to predict postoperative memory decline remains unclear.